[111] Realizing this, they adjusted their approach to claim that Democrats would lower the country's protective tariff, which would allow cheaper manufactured goods to be imported from Europe, and thereby put thousands out of work. [136] Despite Arthur's personal appeal to remain, MacVeagh resigned in December 1881 and Arthur replaced him with Benjamin H. Brewster, a Philadelphia lawyer and machine politician reputed to have reformist leanings. [178] In 1882, he signed the Edmunds Act into law; the legislation made polygamy a federal crime, barring polygamists both from public office and the right to vote. On October 27, the ship Welcome arrived bearing William Penn on his first visit to the province. [19], During the War of 1812, a group of volunteers from Chester called the Mifflin Guards was raised and led by Dr. Samuel Anderson. [4] Incorporated in 1682, Chester is the oldest city in Pennsylvania[5] and is located on the western bank of the Delaware River between the cities of Philadelphia and Wilmington, Delaware. [55] He was hired by Thomas Murphy, a Republican politician, but also a friend of William M. Tweed, the boss of the Tammany Hall Democratic organization. The demonstrations focused on ending the de facto segregation that resulted in the racial categorization of Chester public schools, even after the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education (1954). With a population of 33,972 at the 2010 census it is the largest city in Delaware County. [27][d][28][e][29] When Hinman's original story did not take root, he spread a new rumor that Arthur was born in Canada. The New Sweden settlers built Fort Mecoponacka in 1641 to defend the settlement. The city appealed the ruling, which delayed implementation however the schools were eventually desegregated. [67] The Collector was responsible for hiring hundreds of workers to collect the tariffs due at the United States' busiest port. The ramps were built between 2007 and 2010 and were opened in 2011.[65]. [25] The Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. was opened in 1917 to build ships for the United States until its closure in 1990. [16][c] The family remained in Fairfield until 1832, when William Arthur's profession took them to churches in several towns in Vermont and upstate New York. Sleeper's College was a vocational school founded in 1910 for "office and commercial training". [62] The opposing Democratic machine in New York City, known as Tammany Hall, worked for Grant's opponent, former New York Governor Horatio Seymour; while Grant was victorious in the national vote, Seymour narrowly carried the state of New York. Widener University is a private, coeducational university located in Chester. Polk. Both children survived to adulthood. [38] Campaign biographers would later give Arthur much of the credit for the victory; in fact his role was minor, although he was certainly an active participant in the case. On September 21, he returned to Long Branch to take part in Garfield's funeral, and then joined the funeral train to Washington. The Continental Army fled back to Chester after defeat at the Battle of Brandywine. The school was originally called the Chester Upland School for the Arts (CUSA) and operated until 2011 when significant staff reduction occurred due to state funding cuts. Arthur vetoed the first version of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, arguing that its twenty-year ban on Chinese immigrants to the United States violated the Burlingame Treaty, but he signed a second version, which included a ten-year ban.[2]. Like many boomtowns, Chester was unprepared for the social changes that came along with rapid growth. [146] To their surprise, he acted quickly to appoint the members of the Civil Service Commission that the law created, naming reformers Dorman Bridgman Eaton, John Milton Gregory, and Leroy D. Thoman as commissioners. [152] While Arthur was not opposed to internal improvements, the scale of the bill disturbed him, as did its narrow focus on "particular localities," rather than projects that benefited a larger part of the nation. The burning chemicals caused multi-colored smoke and noxious fumes which injured 43 firemen and caused long-term health problems for the first responders to the fire. The Port of Chester is along the Delaware. [109], As expected, the election was close. [160] He also signed in August of that year the Immigration Act of 1882, which levied a 50-cent tax on immigrants to the United States, and excluded from entry the mentally ill, the intellectually disabled, criminals, or any other person potentially dependent upon public assistance. [157] Arthur and Frelinghuysen continued Blaine's efforts to encourage trade among the nations of the Western Hemisphere; a treaty with Mexico providing for reciprocal tariff reductions was signed in 1882 and approved by the Senate in 1884. [129], Arthur arrived in Washington, D.C. on September 21. [120] Just before going into recess in May 1881, the situation became more complicated when Conkling and the other Senator from New York, Thomas C. Platt, resigned in protest of Garfield's continuing opposition to their faction. He presided over the rebirth of the US Navy, but he was criticized for failing to alleviate the federal budget surplus which had been accumulating since the end of the Civil War. [144] As a result, the lame-duck session of Congress was more amenable to civil service reform; the Senate approved Pendleton's bill 38–5 and the House soon concurred by a vote of 155–47. He proclaimed to onlookers: "I am a Stalwart, and Arthur will be President! Luoghi d'interesse a Chester: vedi le recensioni e le foto su Tripadvisor di luoghi da visitare a Chester, Inghilterra. [75] In that year, reform-minded Republicans formed the Liberal Republican party and voted against Grant, but he was re-elected in spite of their opposition. The family finally settled in the Schenectady, New York area. Throughout 1776 and 1777, there were significant forces stationed in Chester and nearby Marcus Hook. Along with great colleagues, our residents, patients and their families, that’s what makes working at Barchester so rewarding – and we’re proud to deliver the compassionate and person-centred care you’d expect for your loved ones. [12] Murphy was also a hatter who sold goods to the Union Army, and Arthur represented him in Washington. [36] The demonstrations were marked by violence and police brutality[37] with Chester being dubbed the "Birmingham of the North" by James Farmer. The Chester Transportation Center and Highland Avenue stations are the two SEPTA train stations in Chester. Drexel Neumann Academy, of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia, is Chester's only parochial school. [102] Their opponents in the Republican party, known as Half-Breeds, concentrated their efforts on James G. Blaine, a Senator from Maine who was more amenable to civil service reform. When Arthur was nominated for vice president in 1880, a New York attorney and political opponent, Arthur P. Hinman, initially speculated that Arthur was born in Ireland and did not come to the United States until he was fourteen years old. [165][o], In the years following the Civil War, American naval power declined precipitously, shrinking from nearly 700 vessels to just 52, most of which were obsolete. At the outset, Arthur struggled to overcome a negative reputation as a Stalwart and product of Conkling's organization. Durante l’estate, la scuola di lingue English in Chester propone un programma di corsi di inglese abbinato a diversi tipi di attività, con base nel suo centro estivo, situato nel campus dell’Università di Chester. [45] He was so efficient at housing and outfitting the troops that poured into New York City that he was promoted to inspector general of the state militia in March 1862, and then to quartermaster general that July. 291 and the redevelopment of the Chester Waterfront, both the Delaware River Port Authority and PennDOT built a pair of entrance (westbound) and exit (eastbound) ramps to PA Rt. [186], As the 1884 presidential election approached, James G. Blaine was considered the favorite for the Republican nomination, but Arthur, too, contemplated a run for a full term as president. [76] Nevertheless, the movement for civil service reform continued to chip away at Conkling's patronage machine; in 1874 Custom House employees were found to have improperly assessed fines against an importing company as a way to increase their own incomes, and Congress reacted, repealing the moiety system and putting the staff, including Arthur, on regular salaries. Chester played only a small role in the American Revolutionary War. The per capita income for the city was $15,516. "[4] Mark Twain wrote of him, "It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration. [60] His ascent in the party hierarchy kept him busy most nights, and his wife resented his continual absence from the family home on party business. The Chester-Upland School District serves the city, along with nearby Chester Township and the borough of Upland. [75] The Widener Partnership Charter School also has recently added a new $4.6 million wing of the school at 1450 Edgmont Ave. [132], Arthur's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy, served as White House hostess for her widowed brother;[132] Arthur became Washington's most eligible bachelor and his social life became the subject of rumors, though romantically, he remained singularly devoted to the memory of his late wife. [68] A rising tide of reform within the party caused Arthur to rename the financial extractions from employees as "voluntary contributions" in 1872, but the concept remained, and the party reaped the benefit of controlling government jobs. In the 1990s, the Pennsylvania Crime Commission reported that Chester's government had been dominated by "a triad of criminals, corrupt politicians and rogue law-enforcement officers" since the 1960s. The troops were sent to Fort DuPont to defend the Delaware River from the threatened attack of British Admiral George Cockburn but did not see any action.[20]. [39] Pennsylvania Governor William Scranton became involved in the negotiations and convinced the protestors to obey a court-ordered moratorium on demonstrations by agreeing to hold hearings on the de facto segregation of public schools in Chester. [7], Arthur's father, William Arthur, was born in 1796 in Dreen, Cullybackey, County Antrim, Ireland to a Presbyterian family of Scots-Irish descent. The Democratic nominee, General Winfield Scott Hancock was popular and having avoided taking definitive positions on most issues of the day, he had not offended any pivotal constituencies. Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont, grew up in upstate New York and practiced law in New York City. [185] Reporters accompanied the presidential party, helping to publicize the new National Park system. [183] He attempted to keep his condition private, but by 1883 rumors of his illness began to circulate; he had become thinner and more aged in appearance, and struggled to keep the pace of the presidency. Chester Creek meets the Delaware River in Chester. By the mid-1800s, many textile mills and factories were built along Chester Creek including the Upland Mills by John Price Crozer[18] and the Powhattan Mills by David Reese Esrey and Hugh Shaw. [44] The office was a patronage appointment of minor importance until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, when New York and the other northern states were faced with raising and equipping armies of a size never before seen in American history. [177] The administration faced a different challenge in the West, where the LDS Church was under government pressure to stop the practice of polygamy in Utah Territory. It is run by the Saint Katharine Drexel Roman Catholic Church which was established in 1993 by the Archdiocese of Philadelphia with the consolidation of all Roman Catholic parishes in the city.[68]. [204] On April 5, 1882, Arthur was elected to the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) as a Third Class Companion (insignia number 02430[205]), the honorary membership category for militia officers and civilians who made significant contributions to the war effort. "[71], The Senate confirmed Arthur's appointment; as Collector he controlled nearly a thousand jobs and received compensation as great as any federal officeholder. [146] Even after he signed the act into law, its proponents doubted Arthur's commitment to reform. [191] Blatchford served on the Court until his death in 1893. A $16.6 million project to fix up eight I-95 bridges will begin March 2017 and is expected to be finished in November 2018. [111], With the war fifteen years in the past and Union generals at the head of both tickets, the tactic was less effective than the Republicans hoped. Council members are elected at-large to serve the entire city. [192] The second vacancy occurred when Associate Justice Ward Hunt retired in January 1882. [124] Twenty-nine days before his execution for shooting Garfield, Guiteau composed a lengthy, unpublished poem claiming that Arthur knew the assassination had saved "our land [the United States]". The main bisecting street, known as The Avenue of the States south of 9th Street and Edgmont Avenue north of it, is signed as both Pennsylvania Route 320 (southbound only; northbound PA Rt. [29], In 1927, the Ford Motor Company opened the Chester Assembly factory on the site of the previous Roach and Merchant shipyard and built cars there until its closure in 1961. [43] The couple had three children: After his marriage, Arthur devoted his efforts to building his law practice, but also found time to engage in Republican party politics. [69] Eventually, the pressure to replace Murphy grew too great, and Grant asked for his resignation in December 1871. In April 1776, nearly 1,000 men were stationed in Chester under Colonel Samuel Miles in preparation for the defense of Philadelphia. [143] Both Democratic and Republican leaders realized that they could attract the votes of reformers by turning against the spoils system and, by 1882, a bipartisan effort began in favor of reform. [158] Legislation required to bring the treaty into force failed in the House, however, rendering it a dead letter. "[3] Arthur's failing health and political temperament combined to make his administration less active than a modern presidency, yet he earned praise among contemporaries for his solid performance in office. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. [167] Garfield's Secretary of the Navy, William H. Hunt advocated reform of the Navy and his successor, William E. Chandler appointed an advisory board to prepare a report on modernization. [62] Arthur began to devote more of his time to politics and less to law, and in 1869 he became counsel to the New York City Tax Commission, appointed when Republicans controlled the state legislature. This step ensured that the Senate had legal authority to convene immediately and choose a Senate president pro tempore, who would be able to assume the presidency if Arthur died. The northeastern border of Chester is defined by Ridley Creek. in 1883. In 1995, the city's schools ranked last among the state's 501 districts, leading Pennsylvania education officials in 2001 to hire the for-profit Edison Schools to run the local school district for three years.[44]. [138] Finally, when Interior Secretary Samuel J. Kirkwood resigned that same month, Arthur appointed Henry M. Teller, a Colorado Stalwart to the office. [40] The two were soon engaged to be married. [7] William Arthur became an outspoken abolitionist, which often made him unpopular with some members of his congregations and contributed to the family's frequent moves.